Lesbians as Represented in Mainstream Television Essay Example for Free

Lesbians as Represented in Mainstream Television Essay Lesbian images have been entering into mainstream media more and more. Some argue that this is a sign of a wider acceptance of lesbianism in Western culture. In this paper, two mainstream television programs, Grey’s Anatomy and Law and Order: SVU, will be looked at to assess the nature of lesbian images. It will be argued that if and when lesbians are portrayed in mainstream television they are highly feminized, desexualized, and their lives are almost always framed in ways that appeal to heterocentric norms. Thus, mass media almost always fails to provide the viewer with an accurate and unbiased perception of lesbianism or homosexuality in a broader sense. Grey’s Anatomy has emerged onto the lesbian scene in the last couple of years by developing Callie Torres, a beautiful, vivacious, Latino woman, into a lesbian in the fifth season. A friendship develops between her and Erica Hahn, a successful, ‘sassy’, and appealing newcomer, and it gradually progresses into something more until finally the two share a kiss. Before the romance can flourish, Torres wrestles with her sexuality, her fears, and her lack of understanding of lesbianism. Soon after the relationship establishes itself, Hahn unexpectedly breaks up with Torres and leaves the show. Typical or is it? A season later, Arizona Robbins, a semi-regular of the show, comes into focus when she blatantly hits on Torres. Shortly after, the two start to date and later find themselves in a committed relationship. The question is how good a job does the show do of accurately portraying lesbians? To start, all three of the women mentioned above are attractive and feminine. All three have long flowing hair always nicely styled and maintained and pretty faces carefully done up with light make-up. This is what Ann Ciasullo refers to as â€Å"sanitizing of the lesbian through her feminizing† (599). In other words, Grey’s Anatomy offers up an image of lesbians that is not too homosexual for the heterosexual audience. While it could be argued that such representations help to combat the rigid stereotypes of lesbians as ugly, butch feminists, the very widespread nature of the ‘femme’ image in media indicates something more is going on (Tamsin). The book Out of Focus, suggests that such feminine representations act to lower the threat of lesbianism by reassuring viewers that such (beautiful and feminine) women can or must actually be heterosexual (Kath Davies). In fact, in Grey’s Anatomy, as in many television programs, the ‘butch’ lesbian is completely absent. All of this suggests that the lesbian chic of the ‘90s is far from dead (Tamsin). Grey’s is well known for its scandalous call room sex scenes. Characters, heterosexual characters that is, escape to hidden corners of the hospital where they argue, make up, and make love on a regular basis. This is interesting because such scenes are practically nonexistent between Torres and Hahn or later Torres and Robbins. In fact, physical contact of any kind is somewhat limited between Torres and Robbins. An example of this can be seen in Season five episode 13 when Robbins` patient dies during surgery. When she gets home to see Torres has planned a surprise birthday party for her she bursts into tears overcome by her grief. The pair leaves the room and at this point you would expect a comforting hug, a loving embrace, or a reassuring kiss on the cheek from any reasonably intimate couple or from any other couple on the show for that matter, but not in this case. Torres tells Robbins that she will explain the situation to their friends and at that Robbins leaves. Additionally, sex scenes between Torres and Robbins are few and far between; those that exist are cut short by interruption or not shown at all. The latter is evidenced in Season five episode 11 when the viewer is shown only the aftermath them lying in bed together, presumably after making love, eating pizza. It is a cute scene but not a sexual scene. This is a familiar pattern found in most television programs or movies featuring lesbian couples and just one way lesbians are desexualized (Ciasullo). A notable exception to this pattern is The L Word, but it will not be the focus of this paper. Since the beginning of their relationship Callie and Arizona have slept together three times. Three times in an entire season and for a relationship in its beginning stages is incredibly low by Grey’s standards (or anyone’s standards really). One of these scenes is the ‘pizza scene’ previously mentioned. In another â€Å"sex† scene, Lexi Grey walks in on the two in the shower and quickly walks out; the viewer sees what Lexi sees and nothing more. The final scene implies the two may have sex, but it is not pursued any further. Considering the show develops long, sensual sex scenes between its heterosexual characters, following them from start to finish, the unwillingness to do the same for its lesbian characters is problematic. This is not an isolated phenomenon. The pattern of desexualization is evident not just in television but also in movies as noted by Ciasullo and Yvonne Tasker in her book Working Girls (Ciasullo; Tasker). Another problem with the depiction of Torres and Robbins’ relationship is that it is often framed by the heterosexual constructs of marriage and reproduction. Tasker discusses this issue noting that by explaining lesbianism within a heterosexual context the (heterosexual) audience is assured that lesbians are normal (by heterosexual standards) (Tasker). Such a practice adheres to conventional social norms while ignoring the differing reality of lesbian’s lives. After Torres’ father finally accepts her lesbianism his first question to her addresses the issue of marriage and children. She assures him that she will put on a â€Å"big white dress and dance down the aisle† if Arizona wants to spend the rest of her life with her. Another example takes place in season six episode three, when Torres talks about being married and having a house, kids and a pet dog with Robbins. This description perpetuates heterocentric beliefs that heterosexual activities and institutions are better than homosexual ones simply because it gives no thought to the possibility that things could be different within homosexual relationships. Furthermore, this effort to depict lesbian couples as ‘normal’ by tying them to conventional social norms suggests that homosexual practices are not normal and as such fails to challenge heterocentrism. Law and Order: Special Victims Unit (SVU) is another show with some problematic representations. In over 11 seasons, it has aired a total of five gay-centred storylines and one lesbian specific episode. This discrepancy seems to reflect the idea touched on in Out of Focus that â€Å"coverage of ‘homosexuality’ actually refers to gay men† (Kath Davies 91). A recent episode entitled PC features Kathy Griffin as Babs Duffy, a rude, abrasive, man-hating lesbian activist. First of all, the stereotyping evident in Griffin’s character is troublesome because it feeds into the negative view of lesbians. Visibility is important, but the cost of portraying lesbians in such a light is possibly greater than or as great as not showing them at all. Furthermore, this particular episode is strewn with negative or inaccurate images of lesbians. The episode begins with the discovery of a woman who has been left for dead in an abandoned building. She has been raped and beaten and later dies in the hospital. It is not too long before the viewer finds out from Babs Duffy that the victim was a lesbian. Duffy makes a dramatic entrance into the detectives’ office ordering for the capture of the murderer whom she alleges is targeting lesbians. The investigation commences with a visit to the victim, now known as Alyssa’s, girlfriend. As the episode progresses, you notice something striking – all the main lesbian characters are conventionally attractive, feminine women. More than that though, any lesbian character who is questioned and thus comes into the focus of the camera, is also feminine and pretty. The few butch lesbians in the episode are in the background and barely noticeable. The absence of the butch lesbian is telling. Ciasullo notes that â€Å"without the signifier of the butch, the femme’s lesbianism disappears † (Ciasullo 599). Thus, by eliminating the butch lesbian from the forefront, Law and Order: SVU effectively downplays the lesbianism of the episode. There is, however, one exception – the victim’s girlfriend Sharon, but even here there are issues with her representation as a butch lesbian. The fact that the show chose to make her ‘butch’ is interesting because they also make her a working class, aggressive, even violent, woman. This in effect vilifies the butch lesbian. Sharon even becomes the main suspect at one point because of her temper, and while it is important to shed light on the issue of domestic violence in lesbian relationships the choice to make Sharon, who is butch, into the abuser is not by accident. Ann Ciasullo talks about how presenting butch lesbians in this negative way makes butches into the â€Å"’oppressor,’ the ‘bad’ lesbian† (Ciasullo 600). Further still, her status as a bouncer (and thus as a member of the working class) adds to her mainstream undesirability (Ciasullo). Moreover, even though Sharon is presented as a butch or as Law and Order puts it an â€Å"aggressive,† she is simultaneously portrayed as somewhat feminine. In the first scene that we are introduced to Sharon, her long hair is pulled back into a loose ponytail and she wraps herself up in her long feminine sweater. She is not wearing any noticeable makeup but she is conventionally pretty. After this initial introduction she is likely not yet labelled as a butch by the viewer. It is not until later when she appears in a plaid shirt and leather jacket that it becomes evident that she is butch. It seems butch images are permitted as long as they’re not too butch and as long as the butch character is not framed in a positive way that could be make her desirable. Perhaps the best example of how lesbians are desexualized in Law and Order is in a scene between Babs and Olivia Benson, the female nvestigator. In the initial taping of this scene Babs kisses Olivia, but the kiss doesn’t make it past the cutting room floor. Even worse, the editing is atrocious. It cuts awkwardly from Babs leaning in to Olivia proclaiming that she is straight and something is noticeably missing. The kiss may not be necessary to the plot, but to sacrifice quality in order to remove it demonstrates how fearful t he media are of lesbian sexuality. Further evidence lies in the fact that a kiss between Babs and Elliot Stabler (the male investigator) that happens at the end of the episode remains untouched. However, this revelation, that Babs isn’t actually a lesbian, has a lot of problems on its own. The discovering that Bab’s has a boyfriend, plays on the â€Å"I know she’s a lesbian but † scenario so often found in mainstream media. This idea presents the viewer with the possibility that the lesbian can always become straight or as Ciasullo puts it â€Å"’unbecome’ lesbian† (Ciasullo 592). This places the heterosexual audience in a more comfortable position where they can entertain the idea that the attractive lesbians in the show may actually be straight. This issue comes up once again when the suspected murderer/rapist is in interrogation. Olivia pretends she is a lesbian in order to get a confession out of him: Olivia: â€Å"You know how to correct us you’ve got everything you need to make me a real woman right between your legs –† Suspect: â€Å"and you’d love it just like those other two [victims] did – every moment of it† While this scene may be laid out this way specifically to show the demented thinking of the rapist/murderer, the notion that a lesbian can be â€Å"corrected† or made straight as well the idea that rape victims enjoy being raped are never addressed and corrected. The audience is never informed about how inaccurate these views are. With all this said, the homosexual viewer tends to be somewhat accepting of the images in Grey’s and Law and Order, because as Clare Whatling puts it â€Å"we’re [the lesbian population] so starved, we go see anything because something is better than nothing† (86). Thus, because of the lack of representation, lesbians are more willing to accept inaccurate portrayals. This is troublesome because such images can potentially be detrimental to lesbian’s self perceptions and they’re all the more vulnerable because of the relative disparity of lesbianism in mainstream culture. In conclusion, lesbianism in mainstream television is poorly and inaccurately represented. While shows like Grey’s Anatomy and Law and Order: SVU, have taken steps towards representing lesbians in mainstream media, we have to be careful to assess how big these steps really are. There are several issues with the representations of lesbians in these shows, some of which are addressed in this paper, others which have been left untouched. Thus, there is still a long way to go and many hurdles to surmount before lesbians can be done justice in mainstream media.

Storytelling :: essays research papers fc

Storytelling Storytelling has helped humankind evolve into a wiser species by allowing those with enough attentiveness and intelligence to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors. The Chinese culture, like many others world wide, base their beliefs largely on stories passed down from generation to generation. Because stories are told and retold, alterations and even new versions appear. Such is the case in " Fa Mu Lan," for more than one version is known to exist to this day. Many times the changes in a story are to put its message on a certain level for an individual to understand. If the change is to keep the message updated with society, the version would be a modernized one. These stories affect the stories with a flavor of their own personal character. In The Woman Warrior Maxine Hong Kingston utilizes stories told to her by her mother as a device to introduce readers to some aspect of her life. Kingston's mother pass down to her the wisdom she has acquired from her mistakes throughout her life along with best hopes and wishes. The Woman Warrior is a story about the life of Maxine Hong Kingston. It is easy to see her identity from those memorable occurrences that she mentions throughout her book, especially the stories her mother told her. The story of "Fa Mu Lan", for example, teaches women to strive to be the best they can be. It is a story about a woman warrior who takes place of her father in battle and returns in victory as a heroine. It evidently shows that her mother tells this story with her sincerest hopes and passions for her. Her mother wishes her to become more than what it was hope for . Even though woman in old China only grow up to be wives and slaves, she hopes and even dilutions of grandeurs for her daughters thrive in their hearts. Story-telling has been an essential part of their childhood. Maxine Hong Kingston was told that her aunt who committed adultery and brought shame, bad luck along with destruction to her family. She committed suicide because she could not face their families not tell who the father of the children is. The shame brought about by the incident was too much for her to bare. The story was told to warn the girls from having a child before getting married, as can be arrived at from this statement in The Woman Warrior: " Whenever she [her mother] had to warn us about life, my mother told stories that ran like this one, a story to grow up on.

The Boy in the Striped Pajamas: Before the Dark Hour

A quote from the boy in the striped pyjamas â€Å"Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows. † This quote states that when you are a kid you do not know much about reason or understand sarcasm and things like that and so the other part of the quote means that instead of reason a child understands only what they see for themselves of what people have told them. This quote is not appropriate for the film because in the film Bruno goes and see a film clip made by the Germans as a joke.And even after seeing it, all the men in the room are laughing about it he still did not understand what was actually going on. So this quote is not appropriate because as the quote says, â€Å"childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights,† and Bruno is not the only child in the movie. Bruno’s sister is only a little bit older than him and she believes everything completely. This quote is inappropriate for this film bec ause the quote says, â€Å"Before the dark hour of reason grows† and in the film when Bruno and Gretel got the tutor, it was hard to see that Gretel is older than him and she got brainwashed.To see a kid who is younger than her not get brainwashed even though the quote says that before the dark hour of reason grows, showing that this quote is inappropriate. This quote fits nicely for the film because the film is about a child who is gullible and thinks that everything that he is told or has seen is true hands down until proven otherwise. So the film is good because he does not understand reason and because he only understands what he experiences over what is logical and obviously right to someone older like his sister.This quote is appropriate for the film because at the end of the quote it says â€Å"before the dark hour of reason grows. † That part of the film is very fitting because all of the adults even the big sister who is only a bit older than Bruno knows the t ruth about the ‘farm. ’ At the end of the film when the adults come looking for Bruno, Mother tries not to listen to reason that something has happened to Bruno that would result in the end of his life. So that is the part of the film that most fits the end of the quote that I mentioned. Childhood is measured out by sounds and smells and sights, before the dark hour of reason grows. † When you think about the quote and look at the points for and against it being appropriate there are more valid reasons for the quote to be considered a good fit for the film. I personally think that he quote is fitting for the film because when you watch the movie and then read the quote you can see all of the similarities between the movie and the quote. By Emma Fletcher

French Culture vs Indonesian Culture - 1461 Words

f HTM 3242 INTERCULTURAL MANAGEMENT REFLECTIVE LEARNING Ms. Sara Abourich Vicentia 1007LR213 BR2 France and Indonesia are two different countries with different cultures, lifestyle and behavior. It is so obvious that Indonesian is more traditional compared to French, where most Indonesian is scared to make mistakes and be judged by people around them yet French are more open to mistakes and judges from the surrounding. In this reflective learning, I will compare French and Indonesian by using Hofstede model. There are five dimensions in Hofstede’s theory, which are Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity and Short-Term/Long-Term Orientation. Power Distance refers to the extent to†¦show more content†¦One place this is visible clearly is in the aspect of the Family in the role of relationships. For example, In Indonesia, if one wishes to marry, it is important to meet a woman’s family because the family is so important to her. If a man wants to be taken seriously by a woman, he has to visit the latters family and introduce himself formally to the parents of the girl. It is inappropriate to court a woman and formalize the relationship without informing the parents of the girl first. Another example of collectivist culture of Indonesia is in the equation between child and parent. Indonesian children are committed to their parents, as are the parents committed to them all their growing lives. Their desire is to make their parents life easier. There is a desire to take care of parents and give them support in their old age. There is an Asian saying that is accepted in Indonesia, You can get another wife or h usband but not another mother or father. This family loyalty is also apparent in the fact that Indonesian families keep elders (such as grandparents) at home instead of sending them to any institution. In individualistic societies the focus is on the nuclear family only. Masculinity refers to emotional gender rules are clearly distinct men are supposed to be assertive, tough and focuses on material success. In Indonesia status and visible symbols of success are important but it is notShow MoreRelatedLinguistic Relativity And Linguistic Determinism1767 Words   |  8 Pagesscientific manner (â€Å"Language and Thought†). In addition, one person’s view of the world may not be the same as everyone’s view of the world who speaks the same language. Particularly in the case of widely used languages that are spoken across many cultures, such as English and Spanish. Together, the ideas of linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism form the Sapir-Whorf Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis. 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Documentos para green card por matrimonio con ciudadano

La documentacià ³n para sacar la tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio con un ciudadano es numerosa y conviene tenerla en mano o al menos solicitada antes de empezar la tramitacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se distingue, para hacerlo mà ¡s claro, entre los trà ¡mites que se realizan cuando el cà ³nyuge extranjero està ¡ ya en los Estados Unidos y se sigue lo que se conoce como un ajuste de estatus. Y tambià ©n cuando se da la circunstancia de que està ¡ en otro paà ­s y se sigue lo que se llama procedimiento consular. Recordar, antes de empezar, que en los Estados Unidos producen los efectos migratorios los matrimonios entre una mujer y un varà ³n que los de personas del mismo sexo. Lo à ºnico que se pide en este à ºltimo caso, es que la boda se celebre en un lugar cuyas leyes permiten el matrimonio gay. Documentos para la tarjeta de residencia por matrimonio con ciudadano por ajuste de estatus Las personas extranjeras presentes en Estados Unidos pueden obtener la residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card, por matrimonio con un ciudadano mediante un ajuste de estatus siempre y cuando hubieran ingresado al paà ­s de forma legal, con una visa o mediante el Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas. Es decir, no pueden hacerlo aquellas personas que ingresaron ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos. Los migrantes que se encuentren en esta situacià ³n deben asesorarse con un abogado de confianza antes de iniciar los trà ¡mites. Ello es porque a mitad de los mismos tendrà ¡n que salir del paà ­s y, en la mayorà ­a de los casos, tendrà ¡n una prohibicià ³n para regresar por 3 o 10 aà ±os. Es necesario informarse para estudiar honestamente si existe alguna posibilidad de regularizar la situacià ³n sin necesidad de salir del paà ­s. Para los que pueden ajustar su estatus, pueden realizar en un solo paquete dos tramitaciones distintas: la peticià ³n de esposo y el ajuste de estatus. Los documentos son los siguientes: - Formulario I-130, peticià ³n de familiar - Copia certificada del acta de matrimonio. Si el casamiento se celebrà ³ en otro paà ­s, asegurarse de que cumple con todos los requisitos para ser considerado và ¡lido en Estados Unidos. En este caso, si el documento o cualquier otro no està ¡ en inglà ©s, deberà ¡ traducirse. Este es  un modelo de carta para hacer una traduccià ³n certificada  para Inmigracià ³n. - Prueba de la nacionalidad estadounidense: pasaporte americano, acta o certificado de nacimiento en Estados Unidos, certificado de naturalizacià ³n, acta de nacionalidad por ser hijo o hija de americano a pesar de haber nacido en el extranjero o cualquier otro documento que pueda ser admitido para probar la nacionalidad. - Del cà ³nyuge extranjero es necesario presentar copia certificada del acta o partida de nacimiento. Si no estuviera en inglà ©s, deberà ¡ traducirse y certificarse dicha traduccià ³n. No es necesario obtener la apostilla de la Haya. - 6 fotografà ­as tipo pasaporte de cada uno de los cà ³nyuges (cada uno, la suya). - Formulario I-485 para ajuste de estatus - Formulario del affidavit of support, tambià ©n conocida como planilla de mantenimiento, I-864 - Prueba de cumplir con el  requisito de ingresos para patrocinar: W2 o 1099, copia de haber pagado impuestos (tax returns) en los à ºltimos aà ±os y una carta de la empresa o empleador para la que se trabaje en la que se especifique desde cuà ¡ndo se trabaja en dicha compaà ±Ãƒ ­a, quà © posicià ³n se ocupa y cuà ¡l es el monto del salario anual. - Copia de las tres à ºltimas nà ³minas (pay stubs). - Formulario de informacià ³n biogrà ¡fica, que es el G-325A - Planilla de los resultados del examen mà ©dico, I-693 - Si se desea un permiso de trabajo antes de recibir la green card, llenar el formulario I-765 - Si se desea viajar fuera de Estados Unidos y regresar mientras se realiza la tramitacià ³n, puede que sea necesario llenar el formulario I-131 para el advance parole, o permiso para viajar. - El pago de la tarifa de todo el proceso. El Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) se pondrà ¡ en contacto para la cita de datos biomà ©tricos.   El siguiente paso serà ¡ recibir el permiso de trabajo, tambià ©n conocido como EAD, si se ha solicitado uno. Despuà ©s, aproximadamente entre 2 y 4 meses de haber enviado la aplicacià ³n, se recibirà ¡ una cita para la entrevista. En ella un empleado del USCIS intentarà ¡ determinar si el matrimonio es de conveniencia, en cuyo caso se suspenderà ¡ la peticià ³n de la green card.   Es importante llevar a la entrevista documentacià ³n que sirva para acreditar que el matrimonio es de verdad, como por ejemplo: Cuentas bancarias a nombre de ambos asà ­ como la titularidad de propiedades que pertenezcan a los dos o hipotecas conjuntas.Pà ³lizas de seguros (incluidos mà ©dicos) a nombre de ambos o en los que uno de ellos sea beneficiario de la pà ³liza del otro, como por ejemplo en los casos de seguros de vida.Fotocopias a color y de calidad de fotografà ­as de la boda, de la fiesta de compromiso, si la hubiera habido, de la pareja sola y tambià ©n con miembros de la familia y amigos. Colocar 2 à ³ tres fotografà ­as en un folio en blanco y escribir en inglà ©s el nombre de las personas que aparecen, el lugar y la fecha en la que se tomaron. Repetir la operacià ³n cuantas veces sea necesario.Lease del alquiler de la vivienda, si lo hubiere o hipoteca.Copia de cualquier documento en el que figuren los nombres de ambos cà ³nyuges, como por ejemplo cualquier tipo de factura.Copia de la factura de telà ©fono que pueda probar la comunicacià ³n entre ambos cuando eran novios.Si lo hubi era, copia de los tiquetes de avià ³n para visitarse.Tambià ©n llevar identificacià ³n, incluido el pasaporte del cà ³nyuge extranjero. Si la entrevista es exitosa, se sellarà ¡ el pasaporte del cà ³nyuge extranjero con una Tarjeta de Residencia temporal, que sirve para viajar y para trabajar. En el plazo de uno o dos meses se recibirà ¡ la green card de plà ¡stico por correo.   Finalmente, si la green card se recibià ³ antes de cumplir dos aà ±os de casado, serà ¡ de carà ¡cter condicional. Dicha condicionalidad la hay que levantar a los dos aà ±os. Peticià ³n de ciudadano para cà ³nyuge extranjero que està ¡ fuera de Estados Unidos En este caso el proceso es un poco distinto. Se inicia con la peticià ³n con el formulario I-130 y envià ¡ndose el pago por la tramitacià ³n y la documentacià ³n de apoyo que sirve para probar que existe un matrimonio, la ciudadanà ­a del solicitante y la identidad del solicitado (ver mà ¡s arriba en apartado anterior). Una vez que la peticià ³n es aprobada, el USCIS la envà ­a al Centro Nacional de Visas (NVC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Y serà ¡n ellos los que contacten y comiencen a pedir documentos y planillas, seguir las instrucciones al pie de la letra. Pedirà ¡n, entre otras cosas, el affidavit of support y todo lo relativo a probar que se tienen ingresos suficientes para patrocinar. Tambià ©n se darà ¡n instrucciones para el examen mà ©dico y, finalmente, para la entrevista en el consulado o embajada. Llevar toda la documentacià ³n que se indique. Si se pasa la entrevista, se recibe una visa de inmigrante que se estampa en el pasaporte. A partir de ese momento hay 6 meses para ingresar a los Estados Unidos. Y en ese momento, al llegar a un puerto de entrada terrestre, marà ­timo o de aeropuerto, se sella de nuevo el pasaporte con un sello de ingreso que junto a la visa de inmigrante equivale a una green card temporal, hasta que se recibe la de plà ¡stico. Al igual que sucede con el caso anterior, la green card de plà ¡stico es condicional si se recibe antes de llevar dos aà ±os de casado. En es caso hay que levantar dicha condicionalidad. Finalmente, destacar que si una persona està ¡ fuera de los Estados Unidos y piden a su nombre una green card, es muy difà ­cil que a partir de ese momento aprueben una peticià ³n de visa de turista. A tener en cuenta antes de iniciar los trà ¡mites para pedir a un cà ³nyuge De todas las cosas, dos destacan por su importancia y posibles consecuencias. En primer lugar hay que asegurarse de que se tienen ingresos suficientes o que se cuenta con un co-patrocinador. El USCIS no aprueba peticiones si no se cumple este requisito, no hay excepciones.   Y, en segundo lugar, informarse sobre las causas de denegacià ³n de la residencia. Y es que no es suficiente estar casado con un ciudadano. Hay que ser elegible para ingresar a los Estados Unidos y convertirse en residente. En algunos casos no es posible arreglar el problema. En otros es cuestià ³n de esperar a que pase el tiempo de castigo o, cuando se puede, pedir un perdà ³n, tambià ©n conocido como waiver o permiso. Esto à ºltimo hay que tenerlo especialmente en cuenta cuando el problema viene del hecho de haber estado ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos. Esto à ºltimo es un problema cuando se superan los 6 meses de ilegalidad  y se està ¡ fuera de Estados Unidos sin importar cà ³mo se habà ­a ingresado o cuando se està ¡ dentro y se ingresà ³ ilegalmente. Tambià ©n hay que tener en cuenta que en cosas del amor, las situaciones pueden cambiar. Si hay un cambio de opinià ³n por parte del ciudadano, podrà ­a poner fin a la peticià ³n.  Tambià ©n tener en cuenta que el divorcio, por parte de cualquiera de los cà ³nyuges, puede tener efectos migratorios importantes. Finalmente, para saber mà ¡s sobre la tarjeta de residencia se recomienda tomar este test de preguntas mà ºltiples, cuyas respuestas aclaran numerosas dudas. Este es un articulo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Biomechanics Essay - 1400 Words

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament’s role in movement Michael Corrada Texas Tech University Quiz 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 ABSTRACT The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most injured parts of the knee for young and old alike. With the advancements in medical technology we are able to provide reconstruction and physical therapy to those with this type of injury. Most anterior cruciate ligament tears come from cutting or sharp pivoting or when the lower leg is planted and the upper leg twists. This causes a grade three sprain which is a tear. Upon injury to anterior cruciate ligament the athlete normally hears a popping sound seventy percent of the time. Other signs of a tear include rapid swelling of the knee caused from the blood from†¦show more content†¦Most often the issue of many athletes of all ages is that they have an issue with their anterior cruciate ligament. The key ligament in many movements done that could give you the upper hand on your opposition. These movements include cutting, pivots, planting, and sudden acceleration and deceleration. Normally the ligament is just a part of our everyday walking, but it is when sharp or sudden pressure is applied that is when our knee can go into hyperextension or over rotation causing a sprain of the ligament. These sprains are classified as grades and split up into three different categories. Grade one sprains are akin to a bruise on the ligament and do not require a long recovery time. Grade two sprains are a slight tear in the ligament and can have around a month recovery time. Grade three sprains are a complete tear of the ligament and normally require surgery because that ligament will not heal on its own. If the injured person decides to undergo surgery it could be a six month recovery time with intense physical therapy. If they do not want to have surgery their movement of that knee will never be the same and could lead to further injury of surrounding ligaments and cartilage. Grade three sprains are the most severe and are normally the case when speaking about and anterior cruciate ligament injury. When an athlete sustains an anterior cruciate ligament injury they normally hear a â€Å"pop† and looseness in their knee. UponShow MoreRelatedMy Life Concept Project Report923 Words   |  4 Pagesincludes examining job postings for my prospective career, the education of individuals currently working and publishing in the field. It is difficult to find research directly discussing the skills and knowledge needed in to work in orthopedic biomechanics because the biomedical field itself is a new industry. One way to understand the demands of such a field is to look at the requirements for the fields it bridges. The main fields involved are mechanical and biomedical engineering. The Bureau ofRead MoreThe Biomechanics Of A Skiing1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthis research assignment, the topic I would like to discuss is the biomechanics of a skiing. 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Hall, S.J. (1999). Basic Biomechanics (3rd ed), pg. 398-439. McGraw-Hill. Jacobs, R., Bobbert, M.F., vanIngen Schenau, G.J. (1993). Function of mono- and biarticular muscles in running, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (vol 25, no 10) pgRead MoreThe Biomechanics Of The Racehorse1953 Words   |  8 PagesThe Biomechanics of the Racehorse Introduction Horse’s have developed into highly specialised locomotor machines. Modified themselves to travel long distances at a moderate speeds and capability of shorter distances at higher speeds. The most efficient running machine that has evolved with many structural adaptions for untiring rapid progress on the ground so that they run long distances efficiently and changing of muscle size and grouping all suggests locomotor adaption (Williams, 2013). SelectionRead MoreEssay about Biomechanics627 Words   |  3 Pages The term biomechanics means the study of the structure and function of biological systems using the methods of mechanics. 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Leadership Change Management

Question: Discuss about theLeadershipfor Change Management. Answer: Introduction Lewin identified the change that is used in a process in 1947. He identified that the change in process has three phases. Firstly, the change needs to be accepted in the organization, which means that the employees need to embrace the changes and work accordingly to benefit in the future. Secondly, the employees of the organization have to move on with the new changes that are being implemented in the workplace. The employees mostly fear this phase as it leads to shifting from their personal comfort zones. Thirdly, one the above phases are completed in the organization, employees tends to follow it as it forms a part of their routine process (Cameron Green, 2015). Leaders as Change Agents A successful leader is the one who have the authority to control a certain number of people and achieve the goal or the objective within the stipulated period. They are responsible for the welfare and the development of the organization (Hayes, 2014). A successful leader needs to have some traits such as self-confidence, realism, ambition, drive, an active learner, innovativeness and dedication. These traits help in defining a successful leader as it helps in bringing the team closer and work effectively by taking quick decisions. For a leader to be successful in the organization, they need to have the persistence and constantly adapt themselves to new innovative techniques that will help in reducing the workload (Della Torre Solari, 2013). Change management is one of the main factors in the business leaders of the recent world. They need to be visionary, skillful and motivational to execute the necessary changes in the organization. The leaders can implement changes in the workplace by following the eight necessary steps that will help in change management effectively. The first step is the increase in the urgency of the change. The leaders need to identify the changes that are urgently required for the organization to work efficiently (Barker, 2016). The second step is to develop a team that will guide the change process. The leader needs to identify the people who are willing to adapt to the changes and have the power to influence the change drive amongst their colleagues (Bridges Bridges, 2017). The third step will be to get develop the vision that will motivate the employees to work efficiently for the organization. This will help the organization, as the productivity levels will increase largely (Jeston Nelis, 2014). The fourth step is to communicate the change in the process within the organization. This can be done by maintaining a proper communication pattern, which will allow the employees to provide feedback as well. The fifth step will help in making sure that the action is put in place in the organization. This can be done by minimalizing the barriers and building confidence of the employees to work under the change that has been made. The leader needs to promote optimism in the workplace so that the employees remain motivated at all times (Stark, 2015). The sixth step is to create the system of rewards on a short-term basis, which will help the employees to work hard and gain momentum in the organization. The reward system needs to be honest that will help in building the motivational factor in the employees (Cummings Worley, 2014). The seventh step has to be the motivation that the leaders can provide to their employees in their organization. If an employee cannot perform on a regular basis, then the leader needs to identify the problem and help them to overcome the problem. The eighth step is to ensure that the changes, which are implemented in the workplace, are strong so that the organization can work efficiently to get the desired output from the employees (Booth, 2015). Implementing the Plan in any Organization In an organization, the leader needs to see that the plans are being implemented in a proper manner. The first step can be implemented by creating a proper narrative by the leader that would convince the employees in the organization in successfully carrying out the change. The second step can be implemented in the workplace by forming a team or group who has shown their enthusiasm in accepting the change in the workplace and has different skills. This can be done through lobbying and putting the complete faith and trust in the group, which will help the leader in ensuring that they do the tasks that are assigned to them (Jeston Nelis, 2014). The third step can be implemented by setting a proper vision, which will help in carrying forward with the regular work that the employees do in the organization. The vision needs to articulate in nature, which will help in grabbing the attention of the employees and precise. The leader needs to see that the vision that has been created is acting as a motivational force for the employees in the organization. The fourth step will help the leader to communicate in a better way with the employees. The communication pattern needs to be horizontal and vertical, which will help the leader to get feedbacks from the employees with respect to the level of performance associated with the change in the process. The communication needs to simple and free from grapevine (Bridges Bridges, 2017). The leader can do the implementation of the fifth step by identifying the employees who can change the attitude of the colleagues in the workplace. The leader needs to consider the feedbacks as necessary informations, which will lead them to take better decisions so that the employees can be engaged in the organization. The fifth step can achieve full utility if the leader introduces the reward systems in the workplace. This will give an opportunity to the employees to work hard for the organization to stand out among the other employees. The rewards need to be short-term in manner and attractive, which will motivate the employees to achieve more than the target that has been set for them. The leader needs to implement the reward system by offering bonuses to the employees, which will be meaningful for the employees (Stark, 2015). The leader needs to guide the employees in the right way so that they can remain dedicated to their workplace. If the employees feel that their work is not being rewarded, they will tend to leave the organization. The leader needs to act as a motivator for them so that the employees will strive to achieve the desired output (Kuipers et al., 2014). The leader needs to look after all the problems and the queries that are present in the organization and is hampering the level of work of the employees. The eighth step can be implemented by explaining the employees about how the new change can bring opportunities in the workplace. This will also have an advantage as the employees may be willing to accept the change in the process. The leader can promote new videos in the organization, which will show the various impacts in the output levels of the different departments (Cummings Worley, 2014). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the leaders need to possess certain qualities so that they can manage the organization in a better way. The leaders need to follow these plans, as it will help them in gaining the confidence of the employees in the organization. The employees form the majority in the organization, as they are the reason for which the organization succeeds in the market. If they are not looked after properly, then the organization may fail in the competitive market. The leaders need to understand that and work accordingly so that the employees feel motivated at all times within the organization. Reference List Barker, R. (2016). Knowledge Management and Knowledge Leaders as Change Agents During Transformation In Emerging Knowledge Organizations: A Theoretical Framework. Booth, S. A. (2015).Crisis management strategy: Competition and change in modern enterprises. Routledge. Bridges, W., Bridges, S. (2017).Managing transitions: Making the most of change. Da Capo Press. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Della Torre, E., Solari, L. (2013). High-performance work systems and the change management process in medium-sized firms.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(13), 2583-2607. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jeston, J., Nelis, J. (2014).Business process management. Routledge. Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J., Van der Voet, J. (2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature review.Public Administration,92(1), 1-20. Stark, J. (2015). Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing.